On C/C++

Language

C

• ISO/IEC 9899:TC3 Programming languages — C
• ISO/IEC 9899:201x Programming languages — C
• ANSI C Specification
• The C Library Reference Guide by Eric Huss
  • printf function
• C Library Reference
  • printf function
  • wcstombs function : Convert wide-character string to multibyte string
  • wcscat function : Concatenate wide strings
• The C Book
• C Programming Tutorial
  • Arrays

• C standard library (Wikipedia)
• C data types (Wikipedia)
• Wide character, wchar_t (Wikipedia)

• C project avoiding naming conflicts(Jun 20 '13)
• C library naming conventions(Jan 1 '10)
• Recursive Make Considered Harmful
• Why is abs(0x80000000) == 0x80000000?(Mar 29 '10)
• Include guard
• Multiple definition of a global variable(Jan 25 '13)
  • What extern and static mean ?
• Effects of the extern keyword on C functions(May 13 '09)
• How do I use extern to share variables between source files in C? (Sep 16 '09)
  • includes 'Best way to declare and define global variables' and 'Guidelines'
• In C++ source, what is the effect of extern "C"? (Jun 25 '09)
• Get the length of char array or wchar_t array at runtime
  • function strlen in string.h
  • function wcslen in wchar.h
• Efficient Compilation
• Understanding lvalues and rvalues in C and C++(December 15, 2011)
• Lvalues and Rvalues(MSDN)

• Pointer
  • C pointer operator
    • & : address operator, * : indirection operator
  • Programs as Data: Function Pointers
  • What is a “callback” in C and how are they implemented?(Sep 27 '08)

• Concurrency
  • Introduction to Multi-Threaded, Multi-Core and Parallel Programming concepts (May 17, 2013)
  • POSIX thread (pthread) libraries

C++

• C++ Reference
  • Strings library
• LearnCpp.com
  • Arrays (Part II)
• cplusplus.com
  • operator delete
  • insertion operator(<<)

• C++ Standard Library (Wikipedia)
• Standard Template Library (STL) (Wikipedia)
  • provides four components called algorithms, containers, functional, and iterators.
  • containers include vector, list, deque, set, map, hash_map

• GNU compiler toolchain (UNIX only)
• Microsoft compiler toolchain (Windows native)
• Library Reference of Wireshark Build Environment
• C++ dlopen mini HOWTO(2006-03-16)
  • using extern "C"
• Header files(June 3rd, 2007)
• cstdio stdio.h namespace (May 5 '12)
• What do __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS and __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS mean? (Jun 12 '09)
• Parameter-Passing Modes
  • Value Parameters, Reference Parameters, vs. Const-Reference Parameters
• 'Passing arguments'/'Returning values' by reference, address, and value
  • Passing arguments by reference(July 24th, 2007)
  • Passing arguments by address(July 25th, 2007)
  • Returning values by value, reference, and address(February 25th, 2008)
  • Concatenate char arrays in C++(Jun 17 '14)

GCC

• The GNU C Reference Manual
  • Integer Types
• GNU C Library master sources
• GCC Predefined Macros
• GCC 5.1 Standard C++ Library API
• GCC 5.1 Standard C++ Library Manual

• GNU Coding Standards/Making The Best Use of C
  • Naming Variables, Functions, and Files
• HOWTO Create and Deploy a Sample DLL using MinGW(November 20th, 2009)
  • building C/C++ sources containing __declspec(dllexport) and __declspec(dllimport) using MinGW
• How to suppress warnings about unused variables in C++?(Aug 6 '12)
  • The -Wno-__ options turn off the options set by -W__.

Visual C++

• Visual C++ Language Reference
  • Fundamental Types
  • Ranges of Integer Types
  • Windows Data Types
    • LPBYTE, LPVOID, WCHAR, ...
• Visual C++ Predefined Macros
• Visual C++ Function Reference(alphabetical list)

• Visual C++ Libraries Reference
• C++ Standard Library Reference
• MFC Reference
  • MFC(Microsoft Foundation Class) : provides an object-oriented wrapper over much of the Win32 and COM APIs.
  • AFX(Application Framework eXtensions) : an old name for MFC
• STL/CLR Library Reference
  • STL/CLR Library : a packaging of the Standard Template Library (STL), a subset of the Standard C++ Library, for use with C++ and the .NET Framework common language runtime (CLR).
• ATL Reference
  • ATL(Active Template Library) : a set of template-based C++ classes that simplify the programming of Component Object Model (COM) objects.

• File Types Created for Visual C++ Projects
• Visual C++ Building Reference
  • Visual C++ Compiler Options Listed by Category
    • /Z7, /Zi, /ZI (Debug Information Format)
    • /MD, /MT, /LD (Use Run-Time Library)
    • /FD (IDE Minimal Rebuild)
  • Visual C++ Linker Options
    • /IMPLIB (Name Import Library)
• Visual C++ LIB Reference
• Resource Compiler
  • Resource-Definition Statements
  • VERSIONINFO resource

• C Run-time Library(CLR) and Standard C++ Library
  • MSVCR100.DLL, MSVCP110.dll, ...
• CRT Library Features (Visual Studio 2015)
• CRT Library Features (Visual Studio 2008)
• DLLs in Visual C++
• CRT Debugging Techniques
• Windows System Error Codes
• Visual C++ Deployment
  • Choosing a Deployment Method
    • Central deployment by using redistributable packages, Central deployment by using merge modules, Local deployment
  • INF File Architecture
  • INF Files
  • Setup Information (.inf) Files
  • Setup Information File (.inf) Definition

• Visual Studio 6.0 Glossary - Nonalphabetic Terms
  • definitions of .DEF, .MAP, .LIB, .PCH, .PDB ...
• Locale ID (LCID) Values as Assigned by Microsoft‎
• Language Identifier Constants and Strings
• Code Page Identifiers
• Windows Programming

Basic

• Using extern to Specify Linkage(MSDN)
• MACRO Revisited(MSDN, 12 Aug 2011)
  • _UNICODE, UNICODE, _DEBUG, DEBUG, _WIN32, WIN32, _WINDOWS
• Using MFC as Part of a DLL
  • _WINDLL, _USRDLL, _AFXDLL
• dllexport, dllimport(MSDN)
• What does __declspec(dllimport) really mean?(Jan 14 '12)
• Microsoft Multilingual User Interface (MUI) and Visual Studio 2008
• Difference between LPVOID and void*(Jan 1 '10)
• Using Insertion Operators(<<) and Controlling Format
• Dynamic-link library(Wikipedia)
• Load-Time Dynamic Linking
• Run-Time Dynamic Linking
• Using Dynamic-Link Libraries
  • Load-time dynamic linking, Run-time dynamic linking, Shared memory in a dynamic-link library, Thread local storage in a dynamic-link library
• Microsoft Visual C++ Static and Dynamic Libraries(26 Jul 2010)
• Working with Import Libraries and Export Files

• String
  • wchar_t Is Native Type
  • Win32 Character Encodings
    • WCHAR, LPSTR, LPCSTR(Constant Pointer), LPWSTR(Wide Pointer), LPCWSTR(Constant Wide Pointer), TCHAR, LPTSTR(TCHAR Pointer), LPCTSTR(Constant TCHAR Pointer)
  • Wide Characters and Windows
  • TEXT macro
  • Using CString
  • Unicode and Character Set Functions
  • String Functions
  • Strsafe Functions
    • StringCbCopy function
      • StringCbCopy, StringCbCopyA, and StringCbCopyW
    • StringCchPrintf function
  • Format Specification Syntax: printf and wprintf Functions
  • strlen, wcslen, _mbslen, _mbslen_l, _mbstrlen, _mbstrlen_l : Gets the length of a string
  • wcstombs, _wcstombs_l : Converts a sequence of wide characters to a corresponding sequence of multibyte characters.
  • strcat, wcscat, _mbscat : Appends a string
  • atoi, _atoi_l, _wtoi, _wtoi_l : Convert a string to integer.

• Concurrency
  • Creating Threads
  • Managed Threading

Libraries

• windows.h
• windows.h (in MinGW)
• winbase.h (in MinGW)
• windef.h (in MinGW)
• sdkddkver.h (in MinGW)
  • Using the Windows Headers
• Microsoft Windows library files(Wikipedia)
  • KERNEL32.DLL, GDI32.DLL, USER32.DLL, MSVCRT.DLL, MSVCPP.DLL
• Windows Dynamic-Link Library Functions
  • LoadLibrary function
  • GetProcAddress function
• Process and Thread Functions
• Error Handling Functions
  • GetLastError function
  • FormatMessage function
  • Retrieving the Last-Error Code

• C Run-Time(CRT) Alphabetical Function Reference

Build

• Do-It-Yourself Solution for msvcp90d.dll Problems
  • seems to be incorrect but informative
• How to: Set Debug and Release Configurations
• Project Settings for a C++ Debug Configuration
• HowTo: Export C++ classes from a DLL (13 Nov 2012)
• Exporting from a DLL Using DEF Files
• Module-Definition (.Def) Files
• DLL Module-Definition Files
• Creating Precompiled Header Files
• The Visual C++ Linker best practices: Developer Iteration(29 Oct 2013)
• How to use precompiled headers efficiently (using /Yc and Yu options)?(Mar 3 '11)
• Dynamic-Link Library Search Order
• IExpress Technology and the IExpress Wizard
• Working with Setup Information (.inf) Files
• INF + SED
• How to detect the presence of the Visual C++ 9.0 runtime redistributable package(29 Jan 2009)
• Preparing a Test Machine To Run a Debug Executable
  • Debug versions of an application are not redistributable, and debug versions of the Visual C++ library DLLs are not redistributable.

• Build Macro
  • Macros for Build Commands and Properties
    • $(Configuration), $(ProjectDir), $(TargetDir), $(TargetPath), $(TargetName), $(VSInstallDir), $(VCInstallDir), $(FrameworkDir), $(FrameworkVersion)
  • Add User Macro Dialog Box

• Link
  • Linker Tools Error LNK2005
  • A LNK2005 error occurs when the CRT library and MFC libraries are linked in the wrong order in Visual C++
    • ... already defined in ....lib

• Resource Script
  • Resource Script Reference
  • Compiling Resources with RC
  • Resource Files

• PE (Portable Executable)
  • Portable Executable(Wikipedia)
  • Peering Inside the PE: A Tour of the Win32 Portable Executable File Format(March 1994)

• PDB
  • Program Database Files (C++)(MSDN, March 2011)
  • PDB Files: What Every Developer Must Know(8 MAR , 2014)
    • Where the debugger looks for the PDB files. How the source file information is stored in a PDB file.
  • Do PDB Files Affect Performance?(8 MAR , 2014)
  • Correctly Creating Native C++ Release Build PDBs(8 MAR , 2014)

Testing

• Unit Tests and C++
• Unit testing existing C++ applications with Test Explorer
• Writing Unit tests for C/C++ with the Microsoft Unit Testing Framework for C++

Debugging

• Diagnosing SideBySide failures(14 Apr 2006)
• Part 1: Troubleshooting VC++ Side by Side Problems(7 Aug 2008)
• Part 2: Troubleshooting VC++ Side by Side Problems(7 Aug 2008)
• Getting Started with Windows Debugging

Monitoring

• Diagnostic Tools in Visual Studio
• Using Profiling Tools

Frameworks

Logging

log4cxx

• http://logging.apache.org/log4cxx/
• Desc. : a logging framework for C++ patterned after Apache log4j
• License : APL
• Sources : https://github.com/apache/log4cxx

• References
  • How to use log4cxx?
    • Default Initialization Procedure
      • Default Initialization Procedure or log4j.configuration environment variable
  • API Documentation(Doxygen)
  • API Documentation (Javadoc like)
  • Layout pattern(conversion pattern)
  • TimeBasedRollingPolicy
  • RollingFileAppender

• Readings
  • Log4cxx C++ Logging
  • Building Apache log4cxx with Microsoft Visual Studio
    • How to Link with .lib file -- UuidCreate()(Mar 9 '08)
  • Dynamic Configuration of Log4cxx XML with Properties is not proper(17/Jul/14)
  • Detecting user name and directory; system properties

Log4c

• http://log4c.sourceforge.net/
• Desc. : a library of C for flexible logging to files, syslog and other destinations.
• License : LGPL

Libraries

Fundamental

Boost

• http://www.boost.org/
• Desc. : provides free peer-reviewed portable C++ source libraries.
• License : Boost Software License

• References
  • Boost 1.58.0
    • BoostBook
    • Library Documentation
      • Property Map Library
    • Getting Started on Windows
    • Getting Started on Unix Variants

• Books
  • The Boost C++ Libraries by Boris Schaling

APL (Apache Portable Runtime)

• http://apr.apache.org/
• Desc. : software libraries that provide a predictable and consistent interface to underlying platform-specific implementations.
• License : Apache License 2.0

• Readings
  • ARP 1.5 API
  • APR Utility Library 1.5 API
  • APR Iconv Library 1.2 API

GLib

• http://developer.gnome.org/glib/
• Desc. : provides the core application building blocks for libraries and applications written in C
• License : GPL

GDSL (Generic Data Structures Library)

• http://home.gna.org/gdsl/
• Desc. : a collection of routines for generic data structures manipulation.
• License : GPL

Parsing

Oniguruma

• https://github.com/kkos/oniguruma
• Desc. : a modern and flexible regular expressions library.
• License : BSD license

• Oniguruma Regular Expressions

Concurrency

Threading Building Blocks

• https://www.threadingbuildingblocks.org/
• Desc. : a C++ template library developed by Intel for writing software programs that take advantage of multi-core processors.
• License : GPLv2 with the (libstdc++) runtime exception

Security

NaCl

• https://nacl.cr.yp.to/
• Desc. : a new easy-to-use high-speed software library for network communication, encryption, decryption, signatures, etc.
• License :

Image Processing

OpenCV

• http://opencv.org/
• Desc. : an open source computer vision and machine learning software library
• License : BSD license
• Sources : https://github.com/Itseez/opencv
  • opencv/cv.h
  • opencv2/core/core_c.h
  • opencv2/core/types_c.h
  • ipl.h(NOT sure whether this is right source)
• Maven artifacts : nu.pattern ≫ opencv

• References
  • OpenCV 1.x documentation
  • OpenCV Official documentation
    • OpenCV 3.0.0 documentation
    • OpenCV 2.4.9 documentation
    • OpenCV 2.3 documentation
    • Reading and Writing Images and Video
  • OpenCV 3.0.0 Java API
  • OpenCV 3.0.0 C++ API
  • OpenCV 3.0.0 C++ API
    • org.opencv.core.Mat Class
  • OpenCV 2.4.9 C/C++ API
  • OpenCV 2.3 C/C++ API
  • OpenCV-Python Tutorials

• Readings
  • The Intel OpenCV and IP Libraries
  • Introduction to programming with OpenCV(January 27, 2006)
  • OpenCV GrayScale Conversion
  • In OpenCV, what's the difference between CV_8U and CV_8UC1?(Jan 27 '13)
    • In CV_8UC1, CV_8UC2, CV_8UC3, CV_16SC1, CV_16SC2, and et al, Cn represents number of channels.
  • Resize an image to a square but keep aspect ratio c++ opencv
  • How do I choose an image interpolation method? (Emgu/OpenCV) (Jun 24 '10)
  • Opencv; How to free IplImage*? (Dec 22 '13)
  • Installation
    • Installation in Windows
      • Don't miss setting up environment variables of OPENCV_DIR and PATH
    • How to build applications with OpenCV inside the Microsoft Visual Studio
    • Install OpenCV 2.4.8 with Code::Blocks, MinGW & CMake (2014/06)
    • How to install OpenCV on Windows (64bit) using MinGW (64) and Codeblocks (2013/02/16)
    • OpenCV Installation on Windows + Netbeans + MinGW (23 October 2012)
  • Java
    • Introduction to Java Development
    • Using OpenCV Java with Eclipse
    • How to Use OpenCV with Java under Eclipse IDE(3 Feb 2014)
    • Java Digital Image Processing Tutorial
    • open video file with opencv java(Jul 1 '13)
    • make Mat from buffer byte(Mar 24 '13)
      • There appears put method, explained nowhere and not included in C/C++ API.
  • Face Recognition
    • FaceRecognizer
    • Face Recognition with OpenCV
    • Face Recognition in Videos with OpenCV
    • Cascade Classifier
    • Face Detection using Haar Cascades
    • Face Detection using Haar Cascade Classfiers
    • Face Recognition with OpenCV(February 2015)

FFmpeg

• https://www.ffmpeg.org/
• Desc. : the leading multimedia framework, able to decode, encode, transcode, mux, demux, stream, filter and play pretty much anything that humans and machines have created.
• License : mainly LGPL
• Written in : C
• Sources : https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg
• References
  • Official documentation
  • FFmpeg 2.8 API
  • FFmpeg 2.7 API
  • FFmpeg 2.6 API
  • libavcodec(Wikipedia)

• Codecs
  • FFmpeg and H.264 Encoding Guide
  • x264 FFmpeg Options Guide

• Readings
  • An ffmpeg and SDL Tutorial
  • FFmpeg-tutorial-samples
  • Using libav*
  • Compilation error using ffmpeg library (Oct 15 '12)
  • FFmpeg ? the swiss army knife of Internet Streaming ? part I
  • Receiving RTSP stream using FFMPEG library (Dec 9 '14)
  • how to recognize video codec of a file with ffmpeg
  • how to use av_log (Wed Sep 7 2005)
    • av_log_default_callback, av_log_set_callback
  • swscaler warning : deprecated pixel format used (Apr 14 '14)

Libav

• http://libav.org/
• Desc. : provides cross-platform tools and libraries to convert, manipulate and stream a wide range of multimedia formats and protocols.
• License : LGPL or GPL depending on the choice of configuration options

ImageMagick

• http://www.imagemagick.org/script/
• Desc. : a software suite to create, edit, compose, or convert bitmap images.
• License : Apache 2.0 license
• Written in : C
• Sources : http://git.imagemagick.org/repos/ImageMagick/

misc

POCO

• http://pocoproject.org/
• Desc. : modern, powerful open source C++ class libraries and frameworks for building network- and internet-based applications that run on desktop, server, mobile and embedded systems.
• License : Boost Software License

WTL (Windows Template Library)

• http://wtl.sourceforge.net/
• Desc. : a C++ library for developing Windows applications and UI components.
• License : Common Public License 1.0

Tools

Compiler

GCC

• https://gcc.gnu.org/
• Desc.
  • stands for “GNU Compiler Collection”
  • integrated distribution of compilers for several major programming languages including C, C++, Objective-C, Objective-C++, Java, Fortran, Ada, and Go.

• References
  • GCC online documentation
  • GCC 4.9.2 Manual
    • 3.13 Options for Linking
      • -static, -shared
    • 3.14 Options for Directory Search
    • 3.19 Environment Variables Affecting GCC
  • dlltool
    • used to create the files needed to create dynamic link libraries (DLLs) on systems which understand PE format image files such as Windows.

• Readings
  • GCC and Make : Compiling, Linking and Building C/C++ Applications
    • gcc : C compiler
    • g++ : C++ compiler
    • > g++ -c -g Hello.cpp //compile only
    • > g++ -g -o Hello.exe Hello.o //link
    • Headers (.h), Static Libraries (.lib, .a) and Shared Library (.dll, .so)
    • GCC Environment Variables
  • ld and WIN32 (cygwin/mingw)
    • -lxxx : libxxx.dll.a, xxx.dll.a, libxxx.a, <prefix>xxx.dll, libxxx.dll, xxx.dll
  • Programming with Cygwin/Building and Using DLLs
  • HOWTO Create an Import Library for a DLL using MinGW
  • Exporting a class from a DLL for multiple instantiations(May 22nd, 2012)

MinGW

• http://www.mingw.org/
• Desc. : a minimalist development environment for native Microsoft Windows applications.
• Readings
  • What is a DLL and How Do I Create or Use One?
  • HOWTO Create and Deploy a Sample DLL using MinGW
  • HOWTO Create an Import Library for a DLL using MinGW
  • Static and Dynamic/Shared Linking with MinGW
    • In the past there were issues in MinGW with direct linking to *.dll, ... it should be fine to link directly against *.dll now.
    • -lMyLib2 -Wl,-Bstatic -lMyLib1 -Wl,-Bdynamic

Code Analysis

Cppcheck

• http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net/
• Desc. : open source static code analyzer tool for C/C++ programming languages.

Splint

• Readings
  • Flags of Splint
  • Win32 Installation of Splint
  • Re: About splint in Windows
  • Exact condition to exclude header file
    • The standard behavior of Splint on encountering #include <X.h> is to search for a file named X .h on the include search path (set using --I) and then the system base include path (read from the include environment variable if set or using a default value, usually /usr/include). If X .h is the name of a header file in a loaded standard library and X .h is found in a directory that is a system directory (as set by the -sysdirs flag; the default is /usr/include), X .h will not be included if +skip-iso-headers or +skip-posix-headers (depending on whether X .h is an ISO or POSIX header file) is on (both are on by default). To force all headers to be included normally, use -skip-iso-headers.

Dehydra

• https://wiki.mozilla.org/Dehydra_GCC
• Desc. : a lightweight, scriptable, general purpose static analysis tool capable of application-specific analyses of C++ code.

Documentation

GTK-Doc

• http://www.gtk.org/gtk-doc/
• Desc. : a project which was started to generate API documentation from comments added to C code.
• Readings
  • GTK-Doc Manual : http://developer.gnome.org/gtk-doc-manual/stable/

Build Tool

CMake

• https://cmake.org/
• Desc. : an open-source, cross-platform family of tools designed to build, test and package software.